Asterisk, the world’s most popular open source communications project, is free, open source software that converts an ordinary computer into a feature-rich voice communications server. Asterisk makes it simple to create and deploy a wide range of telephony applications and services, including IP PBXs, VoIP gateways, call center ACDs and IVR systems.
Asterisk is released as open source under the GNU General Public License (GPL), and it is available for download free of charge. Asterisk® is the leading open source telephony project and the Asterisk community has been ranked as a key factor in the growth of VoIP.
Asterisk Components like a Lego System
Asterisk is like an erector set or a box of Legos for people who want to create communications applications. That’s why we refer to it as a “tool-kit” or “development platform”. Asterisk includes all the building blocks needed to create a PBX system, an IVR system or virtually any other kind of communications solution. The “blocks” in the kit include:
- Drivers for various VoIP protocols.
- Drivers for PSTN interface cards and devices.
- Routing and call handling for incoming calls.
- Outbound call generation and routing.
- Media management functions (record, play, generate tone, etc.).
- Call detail recording for accounting and billing.
- Transcoding (conversion from one media format to another).
- Protocol conversion (conversion from one protocol to another).
- Database integration for accessing information on relational databases.
- Web services integration for accessing data using standard internet protocols.
- LDAP integration for accessing corporate directory systems.
- Single and mult-party call bridging.
- Call recording and monitoring functions.
- Integrated “Dialplan” scripting language for call processing.
- External call management in any programming or scripting language through Asterisk Gateway Interface (AGI)
- Event notification and CTI integration via the Asterisk Manager Interface (AMI).
- Speech synthesis (aka “text-to-speech”) in various languages and dialects using third party engines.
- Speech recognition in various languages using third party recognition engines.
This combination of components allows an integrator or developer to quickly create voice-enabled applications. The open nature of Asterisk means that there is no fixed limit on what it can be made to do. Asterisk integrators have built everything from very small IP PBX systems to massive carrier media servers.
Asterisk As A PBX
Asterisk can be configured as the core of an IP or hybrid PBX, switching calls, managing routes, enabling features, and connecting callers with the outside world over IP, analog (POTS), and digital (T1/E1) connections.
Asterisk runs on a wide variety of operating systems including Linux, Mac OS X, OpenBSD, FreeBSD and Sun Solaris and provides all of the features you would expect from a PBX including many advanced features that are often associated with high end (and high cost) proprietary PBXs. Asterisk’s architecture is designed for maximum flexibility and supports Voice over IP in many protocols, and can interoperate with almost all standards-based telephony equipment using relatively inexpensive hardware.
Asterisk As A Gateway
It can also be built out as the heart of a media gateway, bridging the legacy PSTN to the expanding world of IP telephony. Asterisk’s modular architecture allows it to convert between a wide range of communications protocols and media codecs. Asterisk as a feature/media server.
Need an IVR? Asterisk’s got you covered. How about a conference bridge? Yep. It’s in there. What about an automated attendant? Asterisk does that too. How about a replacement for your aging legacy voicemail system? Can do. Unified messaging? No problem. Need a telephony interface for your web site? Ok.
Asterisk In The Call Center
Asterisk has been adopted by call centers around the world based on its flexibility. Call center and contact center developers have built complete ACD systems based on Asterisk. Asterisk has also added new life to existing call center solutions by adding remote IP agent capabilities, advanced skills-based routing, predictive and bulk dialing, and more.
Asterisk In The Public Network
Internet Telephony Service Providers (ITSPs), competitive local exchange carriers (CLECS) and even first-tier incumbents have discovered the power of open source communications with Asterisk. Feature servers, hosted services clusters, voicemail systems, pre-paid calling solutions, all based on Asterisk have helped reduce costs and enabled flexibility.